5 Stages Of Culture Shock Pdf 14
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5 Stages Of Culture Shock Pdf 14
Even after 50+ countries visited, I found travel in China challenging at times. Just when I thought I was getting used to it all, out of nowhere, something new and foreign to me caused a huge culture shock in China.
An anthropologist, Kalervo Oberg, first coined the term culture shock in 1954 to describe the anxiety felt by individuals living in a new culture (Oberg, 1954; Oberg, 1960). He saw culture shock as a disease, as at the time it was common to characterize any discomfort a human felt as being a malady that needed to be cured. For example, social scientists once considered nostalgia to likewise be a disease of loneliness or homesickness (Lowenthal, 1985). Researchers today tend to divide the study of culture shock along four approaches: cognitive, behavioral, phenomenological, and psychological and sociocultural (Chapdelaine & Alexitch, 2004; Searle & Ward, 1990).
The Honeymoon Stage. This stage is an exciting time when individuals explore new cultures, but involvement in the new culture is superficial and tourist-like. Students in this stage are excited to be in a new country and may neglect their studies as they explore their new environment. They will seem happy and adjusted and may not anticipate difficulties ahead. At this stage, advisors can prepare students for what they might experience and create opportunities for them to begin learning the new social rules as quickly as possible. It may help to assure students that everyone experiences culture shock and that an advisor will be available to assist them when problems arise.
The Culture Shock Stage. Stage two is characterized by irritation and frustration with the differences between the home culture and new culture. Cultural differences in communication styles and emotional expression can expound the problem and make it harder to recognize students having issues. Advisors may find it difficult to engage students in this stage. Guo (2016) provides excellent strategies for building trust and engaging international students. In some cases, advisors may need to direct students to international student services or counseling resources on campus. Advisors should also continue to provide opportunities for international students to interact with native students to increase their social experiences, allowing them to move to the next stage.
The Adaptation Stage. Eventually, most individuals who spend a considerable length of time in a new culture will reach the fourth stage, that of acceptance and adaptation. They are no longer negatively affected by differences in culture and can participate in social interactions without difficulty. Students who have reached this stage can assist advisors who are working with students who are still experiencing culture shock by acting as ambassadors or peer counselors.
Culture shock refers to the feelings of discomfort that occur when immersed in a new culture. The five stages of culture shock are: the honeymoon phase, distress, reintegration, autonomy, and independence. The honeymoon phase brings feelings of elation but also a lack of awareness of deeper aspects of the culture or country. Distress comes from experiencing problems in the host country or culture. The reintegration stage involves adapting to the new culture due to greater understanding and awareness. Life becomes more normalized and regular routines have been established in the autonomy stage. Finally, independence is marked by functioning in society as a bicultural individual.
Many people experience reverse culture shock which refers to the feeling of disorientation upon re-entering their home culture as a result of experiences in a new culture. Culture shock can be experienced by a variety of people, examples of such include study abroad students, immigrants, and refugees. Keeping an open mind and putting forth an effort to learn as much as possible are important components of dealing with culture shock.
Some examples of culture